Definition:

Specific Learning Disability (SLD) refers to a neurological disorder that affects an individual’s ability to process, understand, and retain information, despite average or above-average intelligence.

Types:

1. Dyslexia (Reading Disability)

2. Dysgraphia (Writing Disability)

3. Dyscalculia (Math Disability)

4. Dyspraxia (Motor Skills Disability)

5. Language-Based Learning Disability

Symptoms:

1. Difficulty reading, writing, or math

2. Reversals (e.g., b/d, p/q)

3. Slow processing speed

4. Struggling with organization and time management

5. Difficulty with comprehension and retention

Causes/Risk Factors:

1. Genetics

2. Brain structure/function differences

3. Prenatal or perinatal complications

4. Environmental factors (e.g., lead exposure)

5. Family history

Diagnosis:

1. Comprehensive psychological evaluation

2. Achievement tests (e.g., Woodcock-Johnson)

3. Cognitive assessments (e.g., WISC-V)

4. Observations and teacher reports

Accommodations/Strategies:

1. Individualized Education Programs (IEPs)

2. Section 504 Accommodations

3. Assistive Technology (e.g., text-to-speech software)

4. Modified assignments and assessments

5. Extra time and support

Interventions:

1. Multisensory Instruction

2. Orton-Gillingham Approach

3. Wilson Reading System

4. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

5. Occupational Therapy (OT)

Om Sai Child Development Center’s Approach:

1. Multidisciplinary team (Psychology, OT, PT, Speech)

2. Comprehensive assessment and diagnosis

3. Individualized treatment plans

4. Family-centered care and education

5. Ongoing monitoring and adjustments

Strategies for Parents/Caregivers:

1. Encourage self-advocacy

2. Break tasks into smaller steps

3. Use visual aids and reminders

4. Provide emotional support

5. Collaborate with teachers and therapists

By understanding and addressing Specific Learning Disabilities, Om Sai Child Development Center empowers individuals to overcome challenges, build confidence, and achieve academic and personal success.