Definition:

Intellectual Developmental Disability (IDD) is a condition characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, originating before the age of 18.

Prevalence:

Approximately 1% of the global population has IDD (WHO, 2019)

Types:

1. Mild IDD: IQ 50-69

2. Moderate IDD: IQ 35-49

3. Severe IDD: IQ 20-34

4. Profound IDD: IQ below 20

Characteristics:

1. Intellectual impairment

2. Adaptive behavior deficits

3. Communication difficulties

4. Social skills challenges

5. Limited daily living skills

Causes:

1. Genetic conditions (e.g., Down syndrome)

2. Prenatal exposure to toxins

3. Birth injuries or complications

4. Infections (e.g., meningitis)

5. Environmental factors (e.g., poverty, neglect)

Diagnosis:

1. Comprehensive psychological evaluation

2. Adaptive behavior assessments (e.g., Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales)

3. Intellectual functioning tests (e.g., IQ tests)

4. Medical evaluation

Interventions:

1. Early intervention and therapy

2. Special education

3. Occupational therapy

4. Speech therapy

5. Behavioral support

Om Sai Child Development Center’s Approach:

1. Multidisciplinary team (Psychology, OT, PT, Speech)

2. Comprehensive assessment and diagnosis

3. Individualized treatment plans

4. Family-centered care and education

5. Ongoing monitoring and adjustments

Strategies for Parents/Caregivers:

1. Encourage independence

2. Foster social interactions

3. Develop communication skills

4. Provide emotional support

5. Access community resources

Resources:

1. American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD)

2. National Association of State Developmental Disabilities Directors (NASDDDS)

3. World Health Organization (WHO)

Support and Accommodations:

1. Individualized Education Programs (IEPs)

2. Section 504 Accommodations

3. Home and Community-Based Services (HCBS)

4. Respite care

5. Support groups

Stages of IDD:

1. Infantile (0-3 years): developmental delays

2. Toddlerhood (4-6 years): social and communication challenges

3. Childhood (7-12 years): adaptive behavior deficits

4. Adolescence (13-18 years): transition planning

5. Adulthood: supported employment and independent living

Note: Every individual with IDD is unique, and the severity and impact of symptoms vary widely.